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Insecure Direct Object Reference

What is insecure direct object reference?​

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) is a type of security vulnerability where an application exposes sensitive information or functionality by using the user-supplied input to access internal objects or data without any proper validation of the user's authorization. This type of vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass access controls and obtain unauthorized access to sensitive data or resources.

An insecure direct object reference can occur when an application does not properly validate or authenticate user input used to access internal objects, such as files, records, or resources. An attacker can exploit an IDOR vulnerability by manipulating the input parameters to access data or functionality that they are not authorized to access.

For example, consider an application that allows users to view their orders by entering an order number. If the application uses the order number directly in the query to retrieve the order details without proper authorization or validation checks, an attacker can change the order number parameter in the URL and access the details of another user's order.

Check out this video for a high-level explanation:

What is the impact of insecure direct object reference?​

IDOR can lead to various security threats, such as:

  • Data breaches: IDOR vulnerabilities can allow attackers to access sensitive data, leading to data breaches, data loss, or unauthorized access to confidential information.
  • Unauthorized access to resources: Attackers can exploit IDOR vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to resources, such as files, databases, and applications.
  • Impersonation of legitimate users: Attackers can use IDOR vulnerabilities to impersonate legitimate users and perform actions on their behalf.
  • Account takeover: Attackers can use IDOR vulnerabilities to take over user accounts and gain access to sensitive data or resources.

How to prevent insecure direct object reference?​

Here are some measures that can help prevent IDOR vulnerabilities:

  • Access control mechanisms: Implement access control mechanisms that restrict access to sensitive resources and data based on user roles and permissions. This can help prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information or systems.
  • Use indirect references: Use indirect references to access internal objects or data, such as using a unique identifier rather than an object name or number. This can help prevent attackers from directly accessing internal objects and data.
  • Regular security audits: Regularly audit your system for security vulnerabilities, including IDOR vulnerabilities. Use automated tools and manual testing to identify potential issues and fix them before they can be exploited.

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Last updated on by Stefan Streichsbier